Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination

HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a group of over 150 different, related viruses. Some of these viruses can cause warts. Others can lead to serious cancers of the throat, mouth or genitals.

A large number of individuals are believed to have the disease. Many more become infected every year through sexual contact.

Human papillomavirus spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Vaginal, oral or anal sex are all ways the virus can pass from person-to-person. The virus is so common that most men and women have it as some point in their life.

Symptoms can develop years after infection, making it hard to know when the infection started.

It is possible, but rare, for a mother to pass HPV to her child. But, it can lead to a serious condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). This is a dangerous condition where HPV warts grow inside the throat.

There are no documented cases of HPV spreading from surfaces in an environment, like toilet seats.

HPV vaccines provide nearly 100 percent protection against cervical precancers and genital warts. They are the best way to prevent the viruses in sexual active individuals.

In countries with widespread usage of the HPV vaccine, infection rates have dramatically decreased.

To provide the most protection, the series of HPV doses should be completed. This involves either two or three doses, based on age. Even if it has been years since the last dose, it is best to complete the series.

It is recommended boys and girls receive two doses of the HPV vaccine between 11 and 14-years-old. If over 15, three doses are required.

Since 2016, only two doses of HPV vaccination are recommended if the series is given before a 15th birthday.

Some groups are at an increased risk of HPV, these include:

• Gay or bisexual men through 26-years-old
• Transgender adults through 26-years-old
• Immune-compromised adults through 26-years-old

Efficacy and safety in individuals over 27-years-old has yet to be established.

Yes, the HPV vaccine safe. All three available HPV vaccines have gone through extensive studies to verify their safety. No serious safety concerns have been identified in studies accounting for nearly 100,000 participants.

The most common side effects are mild like most other vaccines. The NHS, WHO and Passport Health highly recommend and support HPV vaccination.

Most people with HPV will never have any symptoms or health issues. About 90 percent of infections clear up within two years, without treatment. When HPV does not go away, it can cause serious problems.

The most common symptom is genital warts. These can be large, small, flat or raised. A healthcare provide can help diagnose them.

HPV can cause cancer in some individuals. These are usually cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis or anus. Throat, tongue and tonsil cancers are also known to occur.

Treatment varies significantly based on symptoms presented. Genital warts may be treated by a healthcare provider or with a prescription medication. If left untreated, warts may resolve themselves or grow.

Cancer screenings are important if you have had HPV. Women should get a routine Pap test and follow up as needed. Men should seek guidance from a primary care provider on their specific situation.

Passport Health carries various HPV vaccines and will help you decide on the best one for use. Ring or book your vaccination online today.