Travel Vaccines and Advice for Syria
Syria is known for its mountains, deserts, and diverse ethnic and religious groups.
Due to recent violence, much has changed in Syria. The State Department and other organizations recommend against travel to the region.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Syria?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Syria
Do I Need a Visa for Syria?
What Is the Climate Like in Syria?
How Safe Is Syria?
The Crusader Castle of Krak des Chevaliers
What Should I Pack for Syria?
Canadian Embassy in Syria
Do I Need Vaccines for Syria?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Syria. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Syria: typhoid, cholera, hepatitis A, polio, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Cholera –
Food & Water –
Recommended for travel to most regions. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travellers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Required if arriving from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Pakistan. Multiple polio cases have been reported in the last year. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travellers to most regions. - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Meningitis –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Syria |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Cholera | Food & Water | Recommended for travel to most regions. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travellers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | Required if arriving from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Pakistan. Multiple polio cases have been reported in the last year. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travellers to most regions. |
Routine Vaccinations for Syria |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Meningitis | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Typhoid is transmitted via fecally contaminated food or water, causing severe symptoms. To prevent it, practice hand-washing, consume safe water and food, and consider vaccination, especially when travelling to high-risk areas.
- Cholera – Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, typically spread through contaminated water, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration. The cholera vaccine, administered orally, effectively prevents this infection. It’s recommended for travellers to areas with high cholera incidence and during outbreaks.
- Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a contagious liver infection. It spreads through contaminated food, water, and close contact. Preventive measures include vaccination, good hygiene, and avoiding raw shellfish. The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective, requiring two doses for long-term protection.
- Rabies – Rabies is a deadly virus transmitted through animal bites, affecting the nervous system. The rabies vaccine, given before or after potential exposure, prevents the virus from developing into active disease. Pre-exposure vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups like travellers, while post-exposure shots are crucial after suspected rabies exposure.
- Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, transmitted through blood, sexual contact, or from mother to child during birth. It can become chronic, leading to liver failure or cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine, given as a series of injections, effectively prevents this infection.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are infectious diseases that can easily spread. Vaccination remains the primary defense against these threats. The MMR vaccine, with its two-dose regimen, is a reliable way to bolster immunity and reduce the risk of infection and outbreaks.
Due to the ongoing conflicts in Syria, polio has made a resurgence. Ensure your vaccination is up-to-date.
Previously uncommon infections like measles and tetanus have rising case numbers in the region. Update any routine vaccinations you may need.
See our vaccinations page to learn more about these infections and vaccines. Ready to protect yourself? Book your travel health appointment today by calling or schedule online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Syria
Prevent Bug Bites in Syria
Safeguard against bug bites by dressing appropriately and using EPA-registered repellents with DEET, picaridin, or OLE. If bitten, cleanse the area, refrain from scratching, and mitigate discomfort with OTC treatments. Seek medical aid for serious reactions.
Food and Water Safety in Syria
Safely enjoying meals abroad involves precautions like washing hands, avoiding street food, and consuming well-cooked dishes. Opt for bottled or canned drinks and stay vigilant about seal integrity. Preventing travellers’ diarrhea means maintaining hand hygiene, avoiding raw foods, and selecting reputable eateries.
Altitude Sickness in Syria
Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), is caused by insufficient oxygen at high elevations. Symptoms include headaches and nausea. To avoid AMS, ascend gradually, stay hydrated, and consider medications like acetazolamide. If AMS strikes, descend to lower altitudes promptly, rest, and seek medical help if symptoms persist.
Infections To Be Aware of in Syria
- Leishmaniasis – Sand fly bites are the main mode of leishmaniasis transmission, but it can spread through other means. Prevention measures include using insect repellents, wearing long clothing, and minimizing outdoor activities during times when sand fly are most active.
- MERS – MERS is a severe respiratory illness caused by the MERS-CoV virus. Preventing MERS entails regular hand-washing, avoiding contact with infected individuals and camels, and adhering to PHAC travel recommendations. Currently, there is no vaccination or specific antiviral treatment for MERS.
- Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis, a widespread parasitic disease transmitted through freshwater snails, requires awareness and precautionary actions. Prevention involves refraining from activities in contaminated water and wearing protective clothing. Early recognition of symptoms like fever and seeking medical attention are paramount for timely diagnosis and intervention, minimizing the severity of schistosomiasis-related complications and improving health outcomes.
Do I Need a Visa for Syria?
Travellers to Syria must have a valid passport and visa for entry. Visas are not available on-arrival. If you plan to stay in-country for more than 14 days, you must register with immigration authorities.
Individuals with Israeli entry stamps in their passport will be denied entry.
Syria Entry Requirements |
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| Do I Need A… | For My Trip to Syria? | |
|---|---|---|
| Passport |  |
|
| Tourist Visa | |
|
| Business Visa | |
|
| Vaccinations | |
|
Sources: Canadian Travel and Tourism
Due to ongoing conflict, entry regulations can change at any time. Be sure to speak with a travel documents specialist before planning your trip.
Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.
What Is the Climate Like in Syria?
Damascus has a semi-arid climate, with hot and dry summers and cool and rainy winters. The average temperature in the summer months (June-August) ranges from 25 to 35 degrees. In the winter months (December-February), it ranges from 5 to 15 degrees.
Aleppo has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. Temperatures are similar to those in Damascus.
Latakia has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and humid summers and mild and rainy winters. Gain, temperatures resemble those in Damascus.
It is worth noting that Syria has been affected by the ongoing civil war, which has disrupted many aspects of life in the country. It is essential to check the latest travel advisories before planning a trip to Syria.
How Safe Is Syria?
Avoid mosquitoes and other bugs
Insect-borne disease are a
threat throughout the world.
Keep the bugs away with
Passport Health’s repellent options!
It is strongly recommended that travellers do not visit Syria.
If you must travel to Syria, here are some safety tips to consider:
- Do your research: Before travelling to Syria, do thorough research on the current situation, local customs and laws.
- Keep a low profile: It is important to keep a low profile while travelling in Syria. Avoid wearing clothing that identifies you as a tourist, and do not display valuable items such as jewelry or electronic devices.
- Avoid large crowds: Avoid large gatherings or protests, as they may turn violent.
- Be aware of your surroundings: Always be aware of your surroundings, and stay alert to any signs of danger or suspicious activity. Be cautious when using public transportation and avoid walking alone at night.
- Obtain appropriate visas and permits: Make sure to have all necessary visas and permits before travelling to Syria.
- Use trusted transportation: Use reputable transportation companies or private drivers, and avoid using public transport.
- Stay in touch with family and friends: Let your family and friends know your itinerary and keep in touch with them throughout your trip.
It is important to note that the situation in Syria can change rapidly. It is important to keep up to date with the latest news and advisories from your country’s government.
The Crusader Castle of Krak des Chevaliers
The Crusader Castle of Krak des Chevaliers, also known as Qalaat al-Hosn, is a stunning example of medieval military architecture. It is considered one of the best-preserved castles of its kind in the world. The castle is on a hilltop, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside. A visit to this castle is a step back in time to the Middle Ages, when knights and crusaders roamed the region.
The castle is also a marvel of engineering, with its sophisticated water management system, intricate fortifications and ingenious defensive features. Visitors can explore the castle’s various rooms, towers, and courtyards. You can imagine what life was like for the knights who once lived and fought there.
While the ongoing conflict in Syria has made travel to the country difficult and dangerous, the Crusader Castle of Krak des Chevaliers remains a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of the region.
What Should I Pack for Syria?
The Canadian government currently advises against all travel to Syria.
If it is necessary to travel to Syria, it is important to do extensive research and consult with travel experts to ensure safety.
Some essential items to bring include:
- Valid passport and visa
- Personal identification documents
- Adequate travel insurance
- Medications and prescriptions
- Sufficient cash or credit cards
- A reliable mode of communication (such as a mobile phone or satellite phone)
- Proper clothing and supplies for the climate and culture of the region
- A comprehensive first aid kit
- A map and GPS device for navigation
Note, the situation in Syria is constantly changing. Travellers should stay informed of the latest developments and follow all safety precautions advised by local and home authorities.
Canadian Embassy in Syria
Canadian consular services can help travellers with many issues they may face including passport services. There are no consular services in Syria. For any consular needs, contact the Canadian Embassy in Lebanon:
Embassy of Canada in Lebanon
First Floor, Coolrite Building,
43 Jal El Dib Highway (seaside),
Beirut, Lebanon
Tel.: 961 (4) 726-700
Stay safe abroad with Passport Health. Call or book online now and start travelling safely today!
Customer Reviews
Passport Health – Travel Vaccines for Syria
“My nurse was very friendly, knowledgeable and efficient. I also appreciated that she did not pressure me to get all the suggest vaccines, but instead outlined my risk level in Syria and had me assess from there. Great experience overall!”
“This was my first trip and it was great. The nurse was very knowledgeable and nice, she answered all my questions, provided me with significant info for Syria and I never felt rushed. I will definitely return.”
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