Travel Vaccines and Advice for Somalia
Historically, Somalia is a large commercial center due to its location on the Horn of Africa.
After its independence in 1969, several civil wars have occurred leading into perpetual civil unrest. Somali law consists of civil law, Islamic law, and customary law.
As a result of civil war, al-Shabaab, a militant group emerged in 2006 and pledged its allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2012. Due to this threat of terrorism and ongoing violence in Somalia, it is advised to not travel to the area.
The capital city of Somalia, Hargeisa, is the largest city of Somaliland. The city is a commercial center known for its rock art and construction. Somalia’s other major cities include Mogadishu, Bosaso, and Galkayo.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Somalia?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Somalia
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Somalia
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Somalia?
What Is the Climate Like in Somalia?
How Safe Is Somalia?
Neolithic Rock Paintings in Somalia
What Should I Take to Somalia?
Canadian Embassy in Somalia
Do I Need Vaccines for Somalia?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Somalia. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Somalia: typhoid, cholera, hepatitis A, polio, yellow fever, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Cholera –
Food & Water –
There have been multiple cholera outbreaks in Somalia in recent years. Vaccination is recommended. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travellers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Required for stays over four weeks. Single adult booster recommended. - Yellow Fever –
Mosquito –
Required if travelling from a region with yellow fever. May be recommended for travel to Bakool, Banaadir, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Lower Juba, Lower Shabelle, Middle Juba and Middle Shabelle. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travellers to most regions. - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Meningitis –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Somalia |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Cholera | Food & Water | There have been multiple cholera outbreaks in Somalia in recent years. Vaccination is recommended. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travellers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | Required for stays over four weeks. Single adult booster recommended. |
| Yellow Fever | Mosquito | Required if travelling from a region with yellow fever. May be recommended for travel to Bakool, Banaadir, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Lower Juba, Lower Shabelle, Middle Juba and Middle Shabelle. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travellers to most regions. |
Routine Vaccinations for Somalia |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Meningitis | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, is transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Vaccination is recommended for travellers and those at higher risk of typhoid exposure. Implementing rigorous hygiene practices and food safety measures is essential for comprehensive protection against infection.
- Cholera – Vibrio cholerae is responsible for cholera, a dangerous disease transmitted through contaminated water and food. Vaccination is a key preventative measure, but it must be coupled with initiatives to provide clean water, enhance sanitation, and foster hygiene practices.
- Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A, a liver infection caused by a contagious virus, can have severe symptoms. To prevent its spread, vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine is essential, along with maintaining hygiene practices. This vaccine effectively protects against infection.
- Polio – Polio, a viral infection that attacks the nervous system, spreads through contact with infected feces. The most effective prevention strategy is vaccination. The vaccine bolsters the immune system’s defenses, reducing the risk of polio.
- Yellow Fever – Yellow fever, spread by infected mosquitoes, poses a health risk in specific regions. The yellow fever vaccine, with its strong track record, provides essential protection for travellers. The vaccine provides lifelong protection.
- Rabies – Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects mammals and spreads through the saliva of infected animals, primarily through bites or scratches. Preventing rabies involves vaccinating pets, avoiding contact with wild animals, and seeking immediate medical attention if exposed. The rabies vaccine is a crucial preventive measure that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
- Hepatitis B – The hepatitis B vaccine is a vital tool in the prevention of this liver infection, recommended for all travellers and essential for healthcare workers and those at higher risk of exposure.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are infectious diseases that can easily spread. Vaccination remains the primary defense against these threats. The MMR vaccine, with its two-dose regimen, is a reliable way to bolster immunity and reduce the risk of infection and outbreaks.
Malaria in Somalia
Malaria is present in all regions of Somalia. Travellers are advised to take antimalarials no matter their destination or itinerary in the country. Malaria in Somalia is chloroquine resistant, be sure to speak with a travel health specialist on which antimalarial is best for your trip.
Malaria is present and can be a serious risk in Somalia. Antimalarials are key to make sure you stay protected during your trip. Mosquito repellents and netting will also help you avoid diseases like malaria and Dengue.
Healthcare in Somalia is extremely limited with very low stocks of prescription medicine. Make sure to bring enough prescription drugs for your stay. Most medical facilities need payment before a procedure (costs not covered by Medicare).
Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Somalia
Prevent Bug Bites in Somalia
Prevent bug bites by covering up and using insect repellents with DEET or picaridin. If bitten, wash the bite, resist scratching, and soothe with hydrocortisone or antihistamines. Seek urgent care for severe reactions.
Food and Water Safety in Somalia
When eating abroad, prioritize cooked and hot foods, choose reputable eateries, and practice good hand hygiene. Stick to bottled or sealed beverages, avoid tap water, and enjoy hot drinks or alcohol responsibly. To avoid travellers’ diarrhea, follow these tips: eat well-prepared foods, drink safe water, maintain hand hygiene, consider probiotics, and be selective about local dishes.
Altitude Sickness in Somalia
Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), results from oxygen deprivation at high altitudes, leading to symptoms like headaches and nausea. Prevent AMS by ascending slowly, staying hydrated, and considering medication. If symptoms worsen, descend immediately to lower altitudes and seek medical assistance.
Infections To Be Aware of in Somalia
- African Tick-Bite Fever – African Tick-Bite Fever (ATBF) is transmitted through tick bites. Prevention involves proper clothing, tick repellents, and regular tick inspections. If visiting endemic regions, consult healthcare professionals to further safeguard against ATBF.
- Dengue – The PHAC describes dengue fever as a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, presenting symptoms such as rash and joint pain. Prevention strategies focus on reducing mosquito exposure and breeding grounds. Treatment is supportive, emphasizing the importance of mosquito bite prevention.
- Leishmaniasis – Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease carried by sand flies, poses a substantial health risk. Effective prevention includes protective measures like using insect repellents, wearing long clothing, and avoiding outdoor activities during sand fly peak hours.
- Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis, a widespread parasitic disease transmitted through freshwater snails, requires awareness and precautionary actions. Prevention involves refraining from activities in contaminated water and wearing protective clothing. Early recognition of symptoms like fever and seeking medical attention are paramount for timely diagnosis and intervention, minimizing the severity of schistosomiasis-related complications and improving health outcomes.
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Somalia
- Polio – Somalia is one of many countries that has reported an instance of polio in the last 12 months. Travellers are advised to make sure their polio vaccination is up-to-date before travel to the region. Those who previously received a full set of polio immunization may need a single, lifetime booster shot.
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Somalia?
A valid passport and visa are required to enter Somalia under the authority of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The visa may be obtained in advance from the Embassy of Somali Republic in Kenya.
Somalia Entry Requirements |
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| Do I Need A… | For My Trip to Somalia? | |
|---|---|---|
| Passport |  |
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| Tourist Visa | |
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| Business Visa | |
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| Vaccinations | |
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Sources: Embassy of Somalia and Canadian Travel and Tourism
Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.
What Is the Climate Like in Somalia?
Somalia tends to generally have a hot and tropical climate. Heat and humidity are to be expected.
Somalia remains hot year-round, due to its proximity to the equator.
Temperatures range from 25 degrees to 40 degrees. Depending on the region, dryness can vary. In the northeastern and central regions of Somalia, the climate is arid. In the northwestern and southwestern regions of Somalia, the climate is semiarid.
There are four main seasons, defined by wind patterns. They include the rainy season of Gu (April-June); the dry season of Xagaa (July-September); a short, rainy season named Dayr; and the tangambili periods that are in-between the two monsoons.
How Safe Is Somalia?
Due to increased terrorist activity from the al-Qaida affiliated group al Shabaab, the Canadian government strongly cautions against travel to Somalia.
There is a large threat of kidnapping of Westerners, especially in Somaliland and Puntland.
Attacks are most common at hotels, restaurants and airports (especially the Mogadishu Aden Adde International Airport).
Canadian citizens should avoid the coasts and sailing due to the high-risk of pirate attacks.
Don’t walk alone at night, dress conservatively and don’t openly display cash or valuables while in Somalia. Do not eat in public during the holy month of Ramadan.
Alcohol is prohibited in Somalia.
Canada does not have an embassy in Somalia, which further increases Canadian citizens’ risks.
Neolithic Rock Paintings in Somalia
Avoid an Embarrassing Stop
Over 70% of travellers
will have diarrhea.
Get protected with Passport Health’s
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In Laas Geel, you will find Neolithic rock paintings throughout a large network of caves, recently discovered in 2003. It is now a UNESCO Heritage Site.
Many travellers claim that if Somalia was more safe, this would be a popular tourist attraction.
These cave paintings on the outskirts of Hargeisa, Somaliland, are some of the earliest cave paintings in Africa. It is a good day trip from the city and would take a couple of hours to view the caves.
The paintings depict cattle, dogs and giraffes.
What Should I Take to Somalia?
Somalia is a dangerous place to travel to due to ongoing conflict and security concerns. The Canadian government has issued a “Do Not Travel” advisory for Somalia, which means that it is not recommended for travellers to visit. If you must go to Somalia for essential reasons, it is important to pack appropriate clothing and items to ensure your safety and comfort.
When packing, consider the conservative culture and hot, dry climate in Somalia. Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants, and dresses to cover exposed skin, especially for women. Choose loose-fitting clothing made from lightweight, breathable fabrics. Comfortable and durable shoes are also important. It is advisable to bring PPE such as bulletproof vests, helmets, and masks to protect yourself from potential harm.
Bring all necessary travel documents including your passport, visa, and any other required permits or documents. Pack any essential medications and a first aid kit, as medical facilities may be limited in Somalia. Bring enough cash for your trip as ATMs and banks may be inaccessible or unavailable. It is also important to bring a mobile phone and charger to stay in contact with others in case of an emergency. Research the current situation in Somalia before your trip and follow any safety guidelines provided by your government or travel advisory.
Canadian Embassy in Somalia
Canada currently has no government office in Somalia. All consular services are handled by the High Commission in Kenya.
Canadian Embassy in Kenya
Limuru Road, Gigiri,
Nairobi, Kenya
Telephone: 254 (20) 366-3000
If you have any questions about travelling to Somalia or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic. Call us at or book online now! and protect yourself today.
Customer Reviews
Passport Health – Travel Vaccines for Somalia
“The staff is great. We had some top class experience today. The nurse is knowledgeable about Somalia, well prepared, competent, cheerful. She is also skillful when applying needle.”
“Our experience was great, she was very knowledgeable and honest and knew we were on a time constraint for the meeting and rushed for us. I really appreciated that.”
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