Travel Vaccines and Advice for Madagascar
Set amid the varying spectrum of blue jewel-toned waters of the Indian Ocean is Madagascar. The island nation features a unique array of wildlife, plants and culture.
For those who like to experience destinations by their cuisine, Madagascar offers a wide variety of options. Restaurants specialize in French, Creole and native Madagascan dishes.
Whether you’re travelling to ‘The Red Island’, for the landscape, the culture or the food, adventure is not in short supply.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Madagascar?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Madagascar
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Madagascar
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Madagascar?
What Is the Climate Like in Madagascar?
How Safe Is Madagascar?
Travelling to the Avenue of Baobabs
What Should I Take to Madagascar?
Canadian Embassy in Madagascar
Do I Need Vaccines for Madagascar?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Madagascar. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Madagascar: typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, yellow fever, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travellers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
While there is no active polio transmission in Madagascar, it is vulnerable for outbreaks. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - Yellow Fever –
Mosquito –
Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
Moderate risk country. Vaccine recommended for certain travellers based on destination, activities and length of stay. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travellers to most regions. - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Meningitis –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Madagascar |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travellers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | While there is no active polio transmission in Madagascar, it is vulnerable for outbreaks. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. |
| Yellow Fever | Mosquito | Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | Moderate risk country. Vaccine recommended for certain travellers based on destination, activities and length of stay. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travellers to most regions. |
Routine Vaccinations for Madagascar |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Meningitis | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Salmonella Typhi causes typhoid, a potentially life-threatening illness spread through contaminated food and water. Vaccination is a critical preventive measure, especially for travellers heading to endemic regions or individuals with an increased risk of exposure.
- Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, typically spreading through contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms can include fatigue, nausea, stomach pain, and jaundice. The hepatitis A vaccine is a safe and effective shot that provides immunity against the virus, usually given in two doses.
- Polio – Polio is a highly infectious viral disease, potentially leading to paralysis. The polio vaccine effectively prevents this disease. It stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the poliovirus, offering long-lasting protection and contributing to near-global eradication.
- Rabies – Rabies, a deadly viral infection, spreads through the saliva of infected animals via bites or scratches. Timely vaccination is crucial to prevent the disease in humans. Pre-exposure vaccination is recommended for high-risk individuals, while post-exposure prophylaxis is essential after potential exposure.
- Hepatitis B – The hepatitis B virus leads to liver infection through contact with infected fluids. The most effective safeguard is the hepatitis B vaccine, administered in a series of shots that stimulate the body to produce antibodies, providing long-term immunity. It is crucial for infants and those at an increased risk of exposure.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are preventable diseases that require a proactive approach through vaccination. The MMR vaccine, given in two doses, is a powerful tool in stopping the transmission of these viruses. Ensuring widespread vaccination coverage is essential to protect vulnerable populations and prevent outbreaks.
Malaria in Madagascar
Malaria is present in all regions of Madagascar, except Antananarivo. Travellers are advised to take antimalarials to protect themselves from infection. Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are recommended for travellers to the region. Malaria parasites in Madagascar are resistant to chloroquine. Speak with your travel health specialist to identify which antimalarial is best for your trip and medical history.
Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required for entry to Madagascar if arriving from a region with the virus. Immunization is not otherwise recommended for the country.
There is a risk of contracting malaria in Madagascar. Your risk may vary based on where you are going. Share your itinerary with a travel health specialist to see if antimalarial are right for you.
There is medical care in larger Madagascan cities and towns. For those staying in rural areas, there may be a need to travel far to get to the nearest physician.
For more details on any of the above vaccinations, visit our vaccinations page or make an appointment with your local Travel Medicine Specialist. To book your appointment either call or start booking online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Madagascar
Prevent Bug Bites in Madagascar
In case of bug bites, cleanse the area, use anti-itch treatments, and resist scratching to prevent infection. Seek medical help for severe reactions or if symptoms of vector-borne diseases emerge post-bite.
Food and Water Safety in Madagascar
When travelling, prioritize food safety with PHAC’s advice: consume fully cooked foods, avoid raw seafood, and pick clean eateries. Opt for bottled drinks, exercise caution with ice, and practice responsible alcohol consumption. Prevent travellers’ diarrhea by maintaining good hand hygiene and avoiding street food in unsanitary conditions.
Altitude Sickness in Madagascar
Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), stems from inadequate oxygen at high elevations, causing symptoms like headaches and nausea. Preventing AMS involves gradual ascent, hydration, and potential medication use. Should AMS symptoms develop, swift descent to lower altitudes, rest, and medical evaluation are essential for recovery and safety.
Infections To Be Aware of in Madagascar
- African Tick-Bite Fever – African Tick-Bite Fever (ATBF) is transmitted through tick bites. Prevention involves proper clothing, tick repellents, and regular tick inspections. If visiting endemic regions, consult healthcare professionals to further safeguard against ATBF.
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever – Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by tick-borne viruses, necessitates protection against tick bites and strict infection control in healthcare.
- Dengue – Aedes mosquitoes spread dengue to millions globally, prevention is the best defense. The disease can strike multiple times due to its four strains, underscoring the need for mosquito bite prevention like netting and repellents.
- Plague – Yersinia pestis causes plague, transmitted by flea bites and contact with infected animals. Preventive measures include avoiding rodents and using insect repellent.
- Rift Valley Fever – Rift Valley Fever, transmitted by mosquitoes and infected animal contact, can be prevented through livestock vaccination, mosquito control, and safe animal handling practices.
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Madagascar
- Polio – Polio cases have been reported in Madagascar over the last 12 months. Vaccination is considered the best form of protection against the virus. Make sure your polio vaccine history is up-to-date. If you have received the polio vaccine in the past, a single, lifetime booster may be needed.
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Madagascar?
Yes, a visa is required for travel to Madagascar. While visas are available at entry, it is best to obtain before leaving for Madagascar.
Madagascar Entry Requirements |
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| Do I Need A… | For My Trip to Madagascar? | |
|---|---|---|
| Passport |  |
|
| Tourist Visa | |
|
| Business Visa | |
|
| Vaccinations | |
|
Sources: Embassy of Madagascar and Canadian Travel and Tourism
Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.
What Is the Climate Like in Madagascar?
Madagascar tends to have a hot and tropical climate. The country has two predominant seasons, hot and rainy from November to April, cool and dry from May to October.
While the island tends to experience a tropical environment, climate varies throughout due to the changes in elevation. The western coast tends to be drier than the east or the central, and the southwest and deep south have a drier, desert-like climate.
- Antananarivo – As the capital of Madagascar has a humid and subtropical climate during the summer, with mild and dry winters.
- Mahajunga – Located in northwestern Madagascar, this region has a wet and dry season. The rainy season lasts from December to February, during which the whole island experiences monsoon season.
- Fianarantsoa – This southern city experiences less rain than the rest of the country. Warmer weather lasts from November through March and cooler climate ranges from May to September.
How Safe Is Madagascar?
While travel within the country is relatively safe, travellers should exercise caution during times of political turmoil.
Demonstrations and political violence are becoming more common in Madagascar. Track the news and information published by the Canadian Embassy in Antananarivo.
Madagascar armed attacks directed at citizens are on the rise. Travellers should keep a vigilant eye in highly populated areas.
Keep your purse, backpack and belongings close to your body when walking during the day as pick-pocketing and and purse-snatching are not uncommon.
Travelling to the Avenue of Baobabs
Avoid an Embarrassing Stop
Over 70% of travellers
will have diarrhea.
Get protected with Passport Health’s
travellers’ diarrhea kit!
Hundreds of Baobabs, which are trees native to Madagascar, line the world-famous Avenue of Baobabs. Living up to 800 years, these trees have given rise to myths and stories.
Located in Morondava, a city on the west coast of the island, travel time can vary. Flying to the city from Antananarivo takes about an hour, while driving can take upwards of 10 hours.
Roads are narrow and winding. If you are planning on renting a car, be wary of sharp curves, cattle and avoid driving at night.
What Should I Take to Madagascar?
Some essential items to consider for your trip to Madagascar include:
- French/Malagasy to English Dictionary – There are a variety of different dialects in Madagascar, but its official languages are French and Malagasy.
- Water Purification Tablets – If you have plans on camping or visiting remote areas clean water may be rare. Carry purification tablets and use bottled water to drink, and brush teeth.
- Lightweight and Sun Protective Clothing – Heat, humidity and sun are abundant in Madagascar. Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics as they can become uncomfortable in the heat. Long pants and long-sleeved tops will protect you not only from the sun, but also from the high supply of mosquitoes present everywhere.
- Insect Repellent – Mosquitoes feast at night. Apply repellent whether you’re planning to go out on the town, or stay close to your lodging, especially during the country’s wet season.
- Cash – Credit Cards are accepted throughout the capital at hotels, restaurants and some shops. ATM machines tend to be out of order. Keep some cash in bills smaller than $100.
- Raincoat – Tropical climate also means plenty of rain. Make sure to pack either a raincoat or umbrella to shield you from wet weather.
- Headlamp – In many rural areas of Madagascar, there is no electricity. You may find yourself relying on a headlamp or a hand-held lamp to see where you’re going.
Canadian Embassy in Madagascar
Canadian consular services can help travellers with many issues they may face including passport services. Travellers to Madagascar will use the High Commission of Canada in South Africa for any consular needs.
High Commission of Canada to South Africa
1103 Arcadia Street, Hatfield,
Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
Tel: +27 12 422 3000
If you have any questions about travelling to Madagascar or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment by calling or book online now.
Customer Reviews
Passport Health – Travel Vaccines for Madagascar
“Great overall experience! She was very friendly and knowledgeable. She made sure I understood everything for Madagascar and more!”
“The nurse was excellent and very pleasant. She explained the information about Madagascar very well and was also very knowledgeable in her professional approach. A very enjoyable experience.”
“We arrived early for our appointment and were able to be seen right away. Very organized office and great service! Our consultant was very professional, personable and knowledgeable. She offered great suggestions for Madagascar, options and was familiar with our medical history that we had completed online prior to the appointment (a very nice alternative to having to complete paperwork in-office). Fees were reasonable and the discount for seeing both myself and my husband at the same time was an added bonus. Highly recommended and would go back.”
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