Travel Vaccines and Advice for Colombia

• Typhoid – Typhoid is a potentially serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. It spreads through contaminated food and water. To prevent it, practice good hygiene and consider vaccination when travelling to high-risk areas.
• Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A is an infectious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus, often spread through contaminated food or water, or via direct contact with someone infected. It leads to liver inflammation, potentially impairing its function, and manifests as symptoms like tiredness, stomach pain, nausea, and yellowing of the skin or eyes. The vaccine for hepatitis A offers robust protection against this virus. It is typically given in two doses over a six-month period and is advised for those travelling to regions with higher risk or for people more likely to come into contact with the virus.
• Yellow Fever – Yellow fever, spread by infected mosquitoes, poses a health risk in specific regions. The yellow fever vaccine, with its strong track record, provides essential protection for travellers. The vaccine provides lifelong protection.
• Rabies – Rabies, a lethal viral infection, is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. Vaccination is paramount for prevention, involving post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for potential exposures and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for those at heightened risk, such as travellers.
• Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids. The hepatitis B vaccine, given in a series of injections, effectively prevents the infection, offering long-term protection against this potentially life-threatening disease.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are viral infections that can spread through close contact and respiratory droplets. Vaccination is the most effective way to halt their transmission. The MMR vaccine, given in two doses, strengthens immunity, reducing the chances of contracting and spreading these diseases.

Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for travellers to regions under 2,200 metres elevation. If you are staying in urban areas like Barranquilla, Cali, Cartegena or Medellin, vaccination may not be recommended. Vaccination is not recommended for travel to San Andres and Providencia.

Malaria is present in all regions of Colombia under 1,700 metres elevation. Malaria is not present in Bogota, Cartagena or Medellin. Travellers are advised to take antimalarials to protect themselves from infection. Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are recommended for travellers to the region. Malaria parasites in Colombia are resistant to chloroquine. Speak with your travel health specialist to identify which antimalarial is best for your trip and medical history.

Bug bite prevention strategies involve wearing appropriate clothing and utilizing EPA-approved repellents such as DEET or picaridin, as suggested by the PHAC. Stay cautious during peak bug activity periods, clean the affected area, refrain from scratching, and consider over-the-counter remedies while promptly consulting a healthcare professional for severe reactions.

Abroad, practice food safety by avoiding street vendors, washing hands thoroughly, and choosing well-cooked meals. Opt for bottled or canned drinks with unbroken seals. Prevent travellers’ diarrhea by practicing hand hygiene, skipping raw foods, and dining at reputable establishments.

• Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) – Chagas disease spreads through triatomine bugs’ bites and can lead to serious health issues. Prevention includes insecticide use and insect avoidance.
• Dengue – Dengue fever is a significant global health concern. Symptoms can escalate from mild fever to life-threatening conditions. Preventing mosquito bites is key to avoidance, with recommendations including repellent and netting use.
• Leishmaniasis – Leishmaniasis, transmitted by sand fly bites, can be prevented by adopting protective measures such as using insect repellents, covering exposed skin, and staying indoors when sand flies are active.
• Zika – Zika virus spreads through mosquito bites, sexual contact, and mother-to-child transmission. To prevent infection, individuals should use insect repellent, practice safe sex, and stay informed about travel advisories.