Travel Vaccines and Advice for Brazil
Rich with beaches, rain forests, and vibrant urban centers, Brazil offers a wide variety of attractions.
For the adventurous, there are mountains to climb and islands to explore. For the more historically inclined, there are whole settlements from the colonial era that have not been renovated since their construction.
To experience the rich culture of Brazil, it is best to come during the time of Carnaval. Dancers flood the streets showing off sambo rhythms and other aspects of Brazil’s musical fabric. This is not to say Carnaval is the only time to behold such an event. Smaller versions of the festival happen throughout the year, and serve as a perfect window into the country’s heart.
Due to Brazil’s history as a trading port and colony, it is a melting pot of African, European, and Latin American cultures.
Brazil is also home to one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, offering an incredible range of flora and fauna. A trip to Brazil is a chance to experience a taste of everything.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Brazil?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Brazil
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Brazil
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Brazil?
What Is the Climate Like in Brazil?
Is It Safe to Travel to Brazil?
Amazing Rio
What Should I Take to Brazil?
Canadian Embassy in Brazil
Do I Need Vaccines for Brazil?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Brazil. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Brazil: typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, yellow fever, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travellers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travellers to any destination. - Yellow Fever –
Mosquito –
Recommended for all regions except Fortaleza and Recife. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
Moderate risk country. Vaccine recommended for certain travellers based on destination, activities and length of stay. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travellers to most regions. - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Meningitis –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Brazil |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travellers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travellers to any destination. |
| Yellow Fever | Mosquito | Recommended for all regions except Fortaleza and Recife. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | Moderate risk country. Vaccine recommended for certain travellers based on destination, activities and length of stay. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travellers to most regions. |
Routine Vaccinations for Brazil |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Meningitis | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, spreads through contaminated food and water sources. Vaccination is recommended for travellers and those at risk, along with maintaining good hygiene and food safety.
- Hepatitis A – Contagious hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), spreads through contaminated food, water, or close contact. Prevention involves vaccination and practicing good hygiene, particularly when travelling to high-risk areas.
- Yellow Fever – Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Haemagogus species. Vaccination is a key preventive measure, and the vaccine is highly effective.
- Rabies – Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects mammals and spreads through the saliva of infected animals, primarily through bites or scratches. Preventing rabies involves vaccinating pets, avoiding contact with wild animals, and seeking immediate medical attention if exposed. The rabies vaccine is a crucial preventive measure that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
- Hepatitis B – The hepatitis B virus leads to liver infection through contact with infected fluids. The most effective safeguard is the hepatitis B vaccine, administered in a series of shots that stimulate the body to produce antibodies, providing long-term immunity. It is crucial for infants and those at an increased risk of exposure.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are infectious diseases that can easily spread. Vaccination remains the primary defense against these threats. The MMR vaccine, with its two-dose regimen, is a reliable way to bolster immunity and reduce the risk of infection and outbreaks.
Yellow Fever in Brazil
Most travellers to Brazil should receive the yellow fever vaccine. This includes for travel to Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Brasilia. Vaccination is generally not recommended for travel to only Fortaleza and Recife.
Malaria in Brazil
Malaria in Brazil is mostly present in more rural areas. Transmission is widespread in Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Rondonia and Roraima. Maranhao, Mato Grosso and Para have malaria in the regions, but it is rare in urban areas like their capitals. Rural and forested areas of all other states have at least some malaria transmission. No malaria has been reported at Iguacu Falls.
Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are recommended for travellers to the region. Malaria parasites in Brazil are resistant to chloroquine. Speak with your travel health specialist to identify which antimalarial is best for your trip and medical history.
Malaria and dengue are present in Brazil. Be sure to take proper precautions to avoid these mosquito-borne diseases. Bring repellents netting and antimalarials, if needed.
Zika virus has been found in Brazil. Some travellers are at an increased risk including women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. Make sure you use repellents and netting where needed.
Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Brazil
Prevent Bug Bites in Brazil
In case of bug bites, cleanse the area, use anti-itch treatments, and resist scratching to prevent infection. Seek medical help for severe reactions or if symptoms of vector-borne diseases emerge post-bite.
Food and Water Safety in Brazil
Abroad, make wise food choices by familiarizing yourself with local cuisine and favoring established restaurants. Frequent hand-washing is crucial, and it’s advisable to steer clear of street food, opting for thoroughly cooked options. A travellers’ diarrhea kit is recommended for travel to all regions throughout the world.
Altitude Sickness in Brazil
When ascending to high altitudes, beware of altitude sickness, which can cause headaches, nausea, and dizziness due to reduced oxygen levels. Preventive measures include gradual ascent, staying hydrated, and possibly using medications like acetazolamide. If symptoms appear, swift descent to lower elevations, rest, and medical evaluation are essential.
Infections To Be Aware of in Brazil
- Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) – Chagas disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic infection transmitted by kissing bugs. Preventing Chagas disease involves using repellents and avoiding contacting with the insects.
- Dengue – According to the PHAC, dengue fever, caused by a virus from mosquito bites, manifests through fever, headaches, and severe muscle pain. Preventative measures include using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing. While no specific treatment exists, early medical intervention can mitigate severe complications.
- Leishmaniasis – The transmission of leishmaniasis primarily occurs through infected sand fly bites, with other routes of transmission possible. Preventing the disease involves minimizing exposure to sand flies. Early detection and treatment can prevent serious symptoms.
- Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis, a prevalent tropical parasitic disease, spreads through contact with contaminated water. To combat it, avoid infected water sources and use protective clothing.
- Zika – Zika, a virus carried by Aedes mosquitoes, can pose risks, particularly for pregnant women. Preventing Zika requires using mosquito repellent, practicing safe sex, and getting rid of mosquito breeding sites.
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Brazil
- Oropouche Fever – Amazona and Acre have active Oropouche fever outbreaks. This disease is spread through infected midges (a small fly-like insect) and mosquitoes. Travellers to these regions should use insect repellents. Seek immediate medical care if, while in these areas, you experience high fever, stiff joints, chills or sensitivity to light.
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Brazil?
As of June 2019, a visa is no longer required for entry to Brazil for stays under 90 days. Proof of a return or onward travel may still be required at entry.
Brazil Entry Requirements |
||
| Do I Need A… | For My Trip to Brazil? | |
|---|---|---|
| Passport |  |
|
| Tourist Visa | ||
| Business Visa | ||
| Vaccinations | ||
Sources: Embassy of Brazil and Canadian Travel and Tourism
Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.
What Is the Climate Like in Brazil?
Brazil’s climate can vary depending on which region you are visiting.
In the northern parts of the country, the climate is tropical, while in the southern regions the climate is more temperate. Most of the population lives in cooler areas like high altitudes or the coast.
Popular tourist destinations like Rio de Janeiro suffer from an extremely hot climate. Temperatures there are usually above 35 degrees during the dry season.
In the areas closer to the Amazon rain forest, temperatures higher than 30 degrees are rare. If you are travelling to cities in the upper region of the Amazon belt like Belem, heavy rainfall is common between December and April.
It is best to study the micro-climate of the region you are visiting while planning a trip to Brazil.
Is It Safe to Travel to Brazil?
Canadian citizens should travel with their passports on them at all times and be prepared to present it to local law enforcement, if necessary.
As a whole, the danger level of Brazil is classified as high. The murder rate if four times that of developed nations, and the crime rate reaches similar numbers. Travellers should remain vigilant at all times. Try not to travel outside of where you are staying after dark.
Do not ever enter the favelas. They are mostly operated by gangs, and are extremely dangerous even for locals. It is best to avoid them completely. If you are planning on going somewhere that is off the beaten path, consult with locals first to find out if it is safe.
Avoid carrying large amounts of money with you. If absolutely necessary, divide it up between several pockets. The efficiency of the police force varies depending on the region. It is imperative that you do not attempt to bribe them for any reason.
Amazing Rio
Avoid mosquitoes and other bugs
Insect-borne disease are a
threat throughout the world.
Keep the bugs away with
Passport Health’s repellent options!
Rio de Janeiro is a city in Brazil that is popular for tourists to visit. People go there to see famous landmarks like the Christ the Redeemer statue and Sugarloaf Mountain.
Travellers can also go to the beach at Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon to swim, surf and play. Rio de Janeiro is also famous for Carnival, a big party with music, dancing, and colorful parades. Visitors can try different kinds of food like feijoada and churrasco, and drinks like caipirinhas.
At night, there are many bars and clubs to go to, or visitors can have drinks and watch the sunset at the beach. People can also go hiking, biking, or take a jeep tour to explore the city’s parks and natural areas like Tijuca National Park and the Botanical Garden.
Rio de Janeiro has something for everyone and is a great place to experience Brazil’s unique blend of culture and natural beauty.
What Should I Take to Brazil?
Here are some essential items to consider for your trip to Brazil:
- Medical Supplies – These can be expensive in Brazil. It is important to bring one’s own. Make sure to include anti-diarrheal medication, antimalarials, and basic over the counter aides.
- Breathable Clothing – The climate of Brazil in the central areas like Rio de Janeiro can be quite hot. Wear clothing that is not too thick, and that you wouldn’t mind sweating in.
- Warm Clothing – This is advised if travelling to an area south of the Tropic of Capricorn where the climate is more temperate.
- Documents – Be sure to bring your passport, visa and other forms of identification.
- Cash – It is safest to operate on a cash-only basis while in Brazil.
Canadian Embassy in Brazil
Canadian consular services can help travellers with many issues they may face including passport services. Once in Brazil, the information for the Canadian Embassy is:
Canadian Embassy in Brazil
SES – Av. das Nações, Quadra 803, Lote 16
70410-900 Brasília DF – Brazil
Tel.: (55 61) 3424-5400
If you have any questions about travelling to Brazil or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic. Call us at or book online now!
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