Highly pathogenic A(H5N1) bird flu first appeared in southern China in 1996. The next year, large outbreaks in poultry led to 18 human infections.
The virus was not controlled and re-emerged in 2003, spreading widely across Asia. Over time, A(H5N1) reached Africa, Europe, and the Middle East.
Since 2020, 91 human cases of highly pathogenic bird flu have been reported worldwide. Here’s what to know about the outbreaks in affected locations.
A California duck farm has tested positive for H5N9, marking the first confirmed case in the U.S. The outbreak began on November 23, 2024, after a rise in duck deaths.
H5N9 is a low-pathogenic virus that usually causes mild symptoms in birds. Officials have not reported any human infections linked to the outbreak. The virus has been detected in farmers in other countries, but no cases have been confirmed in the U.S.
A tuberculosis (TB) outbreak has become the largest ever recorded in U.S. history. Since early 2024, officials have reported 67 active TB cases and 79 latent cases.
The World Health Organization recorded 8.2 million global TB cases in 2023. This is the highest number since WHO began tracking TB in 1995. Last year, tuberculosis once again became the world’s deadliest disease.
A new meta-analysis in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that higher physical activity decreases disease risk and early death. Researchers analyzed data from over 30 million people across 94 large studies. The study focused on non-occupational physical activity, including exercise and walking.
A new study in the Journal of Infection links salmonella outbreaks to climate change. Warmer temperatures, higher humidity, and lower rainfall increase infection risks.
Researchers examined 14 weather factors to estimate salmonella rates. They used case reports from 2000 to 2016 and weather data from England, Wales, and the Netherlands.
The study’s methods could apply to other countries. Salmonella cases likely follow similar weather patterns worldwide.
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined daily life for many families. Schools and daycares closed, parents worked from home, and social distancing limited interactions. These changes disrupted early childhood development. Until recently, researchers had not studied how they affected social cognition.
A new study in Scientific Reports compared two groups of 3.5- to 5.5-year-olds. Researchers tested one group before the pandemic, and the other afterward.
Researchers focused on false-belief understanding (FBU), a key social cognition skill. FBU is the ability to recognize others’ different or incorrect beliefs.
Results showed that children tested after the pandemic performed worse on false-belief tasks. Even after controlling for age and language skills, the post-pandemic group struggled more. The effect was stronger for children from lower-income families.
The Trump administration’s foreign aid freeze halted major malaria vaccine research. The USAID Malaria Vaccine Development Program (MVDP) told partners to stop work immediately. The freeze disrupts collaboration between U.S. and international researchers.
Affected teams included experts from Johns Hopkins University and the University of Oxford. The program aimed to reduce child deaths by developing improved malaria vaccines.
The funding freeze also halted medicine shipments and raised global health concerns. Malaria kills about 450,000 children under five in Sub-Saharan Africa each year.
A measles outbreak in West Texas has grown to 58 cases. In eastern New Mexico, eight people have also tested positive.
Measles spreads easily and can cause serious complications. Young children are especially at risk.
Officials say the actual number of infections is likely higher. They estimate between 200 and 300 cases have gone untested. Knowing the signs of measles can help limit its spread.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has approved a new bird flu vaccine. Zoetis, the manufacturer, announced the approval last Friday.
The vaccine is for chickens and helps protect poultry flocks. It targets the H5N1 strain, which has infected 150 million birds. No existing vaccine fully matches this strain. Officials are now building a stockpile for livestock.
A new study links plastic takeout containers to a higher risk of heart disease. Researchers surveyed 3,179 people on plastic exposure and heart health. Frequent plastic use raised the risk of congestive heart failure by 13%.
The study suggests plastic exposure harms gut health and heart function. Researchers stress the need for further studies on plastic-related health risks.
